Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy

Abdominal film
Abdominal films are images of the abdomen. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation (like light). They are of higher energy, however, and can penetrate the body to form an image on film. Structures that are dense (such as bone) will appear white, air will be black, and other structures will be shades of gray.

Abdominal CT scan
An abdominal scan involves images of the abdomen from many angles. The X-ray beams are detected by the scanner and analyzed by a computer. The computer reconstructs the data into a picture of the body area being scanned. These images can be viewed on a monitor or reproduced as photographs.

Intravenous pyelogram
Intravenous pyelogram

Urinalysis
A urinalysis is an examination of the urine by physical or chemical means. Urinalysis comprises a battery of chemical and microscopic tests that help to screen for , , and diseases of other organs that result in abnormal metabolites (break-down products) appearing in the urine.

PSA
The PSA test measures the amount of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) in the blood.