Nephrolithiasis

Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention

Alternative Names:

Renal calculi; Kidney stones; Stones - kidney

Symptoms:

Flank pain or back pain
- on one or both sides
- progressive
- severe
- colicky (spasm-like)
- may radiate or move to lower in flank, pelvis, groin, genitals
Nausea, vomiting
Urinary frequency/urgency, increased (persistent urge to urinate)
Blood in the urine
Abdominal pain
Painful urination
Excessive urination at night
Urinary hesitancy
Testicle pain
Groin pain
Fever
Chills
Abnormal urine color

Signs and tests:

Pain may be severe enough to require narcotics. There may be tenderness when the abdomen or back is touched. If stones are severe, persistent, or recurrent, there may be signs of kidney failure.

Straining the urine may capture urinary tract stones when they are excreted.
Analysis of the stone shows the type of stone.
Urinalysis may show crystals and red blood cells in urine.
Uric acid elevated

Stones or obstruction of the ureter may appear on:

Tests may reveal high levels of calcium in the blood or urine.

Kidney anatomy	Kidney - blood and urine flow	Nephrolithiasis	Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Lithotripsy procedure